Hydrogen and Ammonia

Learn more about our current hydrogen and ammonia activities across the globe.

[1] Lower-carbon ammonia is characterised here by the use of hydrogen with emissions abated by carbon, capture, and storage (CCS), with an expected ammonia lifecycle (Scope 1, 2 and 3) carbon emissions intensity of 0.8 tCO₂/tNH₃ (based on contracted intensity threshold with Linde) relative to unabated ammonia with alifecycle (Scope 1, 2 and 3) carbon emissions intensity of 2.3 tCO₂/tNH₃ (Hydrogen Europe, 2023).

[2] This is subject to commissioning of Linde’s facilities and start-up of ExxonMobil’s CCS infrastructure, including approval of the relevant CCS permitting process.

How can we make hydrogen?

We are developing new energy and lower-carbon solutions - like hydrogen - that will be part of our future. Our principles for hydrogen development are:

 customer led;

technology agnostic; and

lowest cost.

We are looking at potential opportunities to produce hydrogen from natural gas where process-related emissions can be abated.

 

Steam methane reforming

The majority of hydrogen available today is produced through a process called steam-methane reforming (SMR):

  • Start with natural gas, which is largely made up of methane (containing four hydrogen atoms in each molecule).
  • The gas is reacted with high-temperature steam to release the hydrogen.
  • CO₂ is also produced as part of the natural gas reforming process, however, technologies such as carbon capture and storage, where the CO₂ is captured and transported underground for safe and permanent storage, can assist in managing this.
Electrolysis

Hydrogen can also be produced from renewable power sources, such as wind, solar, hydro, or geothermal.

  • The renewable energy powers electrolysers, which split water into hydrogen and oxygen atoms.
  • No CO2 is produced.